Slavery in New York

White Northerners have been all too happy to condemn the South for slavery, they seemed to have forgotten their own past.


New York engaged in a vigorous slave trade. By 1741, two thousand of the twenty thousand inhabitants were black. fearing slave uprisings citizens of New York engaged in burning male slaves on bonfires in order to interrogate them about a feared conspiracy. 



Witchhunt in New York: The 1741 rebellion PBS

 In 1741, New York City burned thirteen African-American men at the stake on charges of planning a slave revolt. Seventeen more were hanged. Slaveholders sold away many others to countries ranging from Canada to Portugal to the Caribbean islands.~ African-American Men Burned at the Stake in America

 New York Burning': Gotham Witch Hunt

 As the spectacle of the Salem witch trials played out in Massachusetts in 1692, concluding with the execution of 20 innocents, New Yorkers, indulging a finer sense of civilization, condemned the hysterical confessions and lethal injustice of their New England cousins. All the more stunning, then, that half a century later, New York underwent its own bout of hysteria, outstripping Salem in both body count and self-righteous malice. In 1741, a "witch hunt" in Manhattan put 30 slaves and four whites to death by gibbet and burning at the stake.

 The New York Conspiracy of 1741 (History Now) Has questions for discussion. 

The Power of Fear

In March and April of 1741, a series of ten fires erupted in Lower Manhattan, the most significant one within the walls of the fort at the southern tip of the island, the center of power in the British colony of New York. A plot was uncovered: Slaves, together with some downtrodden whites, were found to have conspired to burn down the whole city and murder the white population. Arrests were made: 152 blacks and twenty whites. A trial was held; people were convicted and sentenced. Thirty black men were hanged or burned at the stake; two white men and two white women were hanged. The bodies of two supposed ringleaders, one black and one white, were gibbeted, the corpses left to rot for weeks on public display. One resident called the episode the “Bonfires of the Negros.”

Trials Relating to the New York Slave Insurrection, 1741 (Historical Society of New York Courts)

LTE - Robert E. Lee Day History

Robert E. Lee’s birthday became a state holiday 100 years ago

Each January we observe the anniversary of the birth of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee. On March 30, 1910, the Mississippi Legislature passed legislation designating the birthday of Robert E. Lee, described as “our beloved Confederate chieftain and Southern hero,” as a legal state holiday. The holiday was observed for the first time in January 1911. This year will mark the 100th anniversary of Mississippi’s observance of Robert E. Lee’s birthday.

To avoid conflicts with weekends, The statute calls for the holiday to be observed on the third Monday of January, which this year falls on Jan. 17.

Robert E. Lee was born Jan. 19, 1807, so this year marks 204th anniversary of his birth. Mississippi has been celebrating his birthday in the form of a legal holiday for 100 years.

Prior to designating Lee’s birthday as a holiday, Mississippi had designated legal observances for George Washington’s birthday (Feb. 22), Confederate Memorial Day, (April 26), and Jefferson Davis’ birthday (June 2). A state holiday observing Thanksgiving wasn’t passed until 1916.

We here in Mississippi need to remember that January is Robert E. Lee’s month, and also that the heritage of George Washington, Jefferson Davis, and Robert E. Lee is a lot more significant than Mardi Gras and ball games.

KEN OVERSTREET

I know many of my Northern friends probably question why we celebrate Robert E. Lee Day, you can read the biography of Robert E. Lee here. I choose to remember him for his work to heal the nation after the War Between the States (aka The Civil War) and his efforts to educate young men at Washington College after the war.

To summarize, General Lee took a college whose president and four professors, prior to his coming, had been teaching Greek, Latin, "Natural Philosophy," Mathematics, and "Moral Philosophy" to a handful of boys, and he either enlarged, or planned to enlarge this institution to this general plan:

I. A classical college, with a Christian atmosphere, elective courses, and high standards, presenting the cultural studies as the "foundation of a solid education."

II. A group of scientific schools, with special emphasis on chemistry and engineering, civil, mining, and mechanical, and with laboratory facilities for all the sciences. In these scientific schools, as in the classical courses, the elective system prevailed, but a fixed minimum of work was required.

III. In the classical college and for the schools of science, adequate training was to be provided in modern languages, including p427 Spanish, which General Lee himself insisted was of special importance because the relations of the United States with Latin America were destined to be much closer.

IV. A school of commerce, similar in many respects to those established in recent years in the United States. It did not cover economic theory, however, so fully as do modern courses in commerce, and it was intended to give students practical knowledge of subjects among which were some now relegated to business colleges, namely, office-methods, including penmanship, book-keeping, and stenography.

V. A school of agriculture, with what would now be styled a "demonstration farm."

VI. A system of press scholarships, designed primarily to acquaint young printers with editorial methods and to enlarge their education.

VII. A school of law as an integral part of the college.33

VIII. A summer school to assure the better preparation of students entering the regular courses.

IX. The encouragement of advanced study through the establishment of "resident masterships," corresponding to modern university fellowships.

X. The conduct of research, for the public welfare, by members of the faculty, or persons appointed for the purpose. In the particular circumstances of the college, the investigations undertaken were in topography.

XI. Provision, by scholarship, for bringing selected young men to the college from the high schools and private academies of the South.

XII. Frequent and rigid examination of all students in all departments.34

p428 XIII. In all the activities of the college, the honor system in its fullness to prevail.

Poverty prevented the full attainment of this ideal in General Lee's time. Work in commerce did not develop beyond the modest proportions of a "Students' Business School," which had been privately established some years before35 and subsequently was affiliated with the college.36 The department of agriculture was not opened, nor were the press scholarships used. Nevertheless, Lee's plan was definite and advanced. It attracted much attention at the time, particularly in the emphasis placed on "practical education." The New York Herald predicted that the movement was "likely to make as great an impression upon our old fogy schools and colleges as [General Lee] did in military tactics upon our old fogy commanders in the palmy days of the rebellion."37

Expelled by James Patterson (Goodreads Author), Emily Raymond (With)

Expelled by James Patterson
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

Surprisingly good I recommend it highly for any teen.

The book begins when Theo gets expelled for posting a picture to his Twitter account that he didn't post. Desperate to figure out who is wrecking his life Theo comes up with the idea to do a documentary that proves he is innocent. He ropes his friend Jude (bisexual artist) who was supposedly in the photograph in his mascot uniform into helping. He also approaches Sasha Elli (his secret crush) who also got expelled into working with them and she brings Parker (the star football player at the center of the photograph) into the group.

Theo also starts to deal with his Father's suicide after he was diagnosed with ALS as well as his growing feelings for Sasha. When Sasha works up the courage to tell Theo the dark secret that is destroying her life he finds a way to help her.

And when he learns that Parker was desperate to get off the football team due to the Coach forcing him to use steroids Theo finds a way to reveal the dirty secret.

View all my reviews

The Quaker Slave Owners of Pennsylvania and New Jersey

Slavery and by extension slave owners are a hot button topic today with Northerners quickly pointing the finger at anyone who was born and lived in the South, even if they or their ancestors never owned a single slave. What they seem completely oblivious of is that Northerners owned slaves too.

"Many Friends (Quakers) in Pennsylvania and New Jersey had grown rich on Atlantic commerce, and many bought human property. Benjamin Lay said that slave keeping was the greatest sin in the world and asked. How can a people who profess the golden rule keep slaves? " -The Cave Dwelling Vegan Who Took on Quaker Slavery and Won, Smithsonian, September 2017

Good question, you might have thought the Church elders would take Lay's side in his dispute with the slave owners, but to the contrary the religious Community expelled Benjamin Lay. Lay died in 1759, buried as a stranger to the faith he loved

Roadside Geology of Mississippi by Stan Galicki, Darrel Schmitz

Roadside Geology of Mississippi by Stan Galicki
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

Informative book, I had been to a lot of the places mentioned so it was nice to learn more about them. Great for homeschoolers studying geology, lots of possible field trips throughout the State.

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Tullis-Toledano Manor of Biloxi, Mississippi 2002

Very few historic homes in the United States have borne the Tullis name. One of the few that did was the Tullis-Toledano Manor in Biloxi, Mississippi. The home was built in 1856 by Christoval Toledano as a present for his bride, Matilde Pradat. It was considered a striking example of Greek Revival architecture.

It had a breathtaking view of the beach.

The archaeological dig we were lucky enough to participate in was more interested in what lay beneath the grounds. Imaging equipment allowed the archeologist to see that the manor was built on the site of an Indian village surrounded by a moat.

We helped catalog the items found.

The caretakers of Tullis-Toledano Manor were nice enough to let us tour the house during our lunch break. The parlor was beautiful.

After the tour it was time to get back to work.

Sean and I found a job in the shade. This contraption was used to shift shovelfuls of dirt for artifacts.

More artifacts for Sean to catalog.

We had some time to just goof off.

Tullis-Toledano Manor was completely destroyed by Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005  I feel privileged not only to have gotten to tour the house but to have had the opportunity to work on an archaeological dig there before it was destroyed.

The role of slavery and the slave trade in building northern wealth

Myths About Slavery.” Here’s the PDF:

Contrary to popular belief:

• Slavery was a northern institution
  • The North held slaves for over two centuries
  • The North abolished slavery only just before the Civil War
  • The North dominated the slave trade
  • The North built its economy around slavery
  • The North industrialized with slave-picked cotton and the profits from slavery

• Slavery was a national institution
  • Slavery was practiced by all thirteen colonies
  • Slavery was enshrined in the U.S. Constitution and practiced by all thirteen original states
  • The slave trade was permitted by the federal government until 1808
  • Federal laws protected slavery and assisted slave owners in retrieving runaway slaves
  • The Union was deeply divided over slavery until the end of the Civil War

• Slavery benefited middle-class families
  • Slavery dominated the northern and southern economies during the colonial era and up to the Civil War
  • Ordinary people built ships, produced trade goods, and invested in shares of slave voyages
  • Workers in all regions benefited economically from slavery and slavery-related businesses
  • Consumers bought and benefited from lower prices on goods like coffee, sugar, tobacco, and cotton

• Slavery benefited immigrant families
  • Immigrants who arrived after the Civil War still benefited from slavery and its aftermath
  • Immigrants flocked to the “land of opportunity” made possible by the unpaid labor of enslaved people
  • Immigrants found routes to prosperity which were closed to the families of former slaves
  • Federal programs in the 20^th century provided white families with aid for education, home ownership, and small businesses

 Inheriting the Trade: A Northern Family Confronts Its Legacy as the Largest Slave-Trading Dynasty in U.S. History, by Thomas Norman DeWolf.